In the United States, the issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). On the other hand, Dewey and many other psychologists and educators have held that learning is most effective when students take an active part in their educations, engaging in self-directed discovery and learning. Philosophy has made this a benefit in my personal life because I was required to do my own research and interpret things in my own way rather than listen to what people tell me to believe in or understand things the way other people understand them. Webdewey stated this process begins unconsciously almost at birth, and is continually shaping the individuals powers, saturating his consciousness, forming his habits, training his ideas, and arousing his feelings and emotions. (vol.54 p.77) he believed that the set-up of schools should be designed and taught around the real-life and occupational Such views will be extracted from CEO, managers and staff as the researcher visits the context and seek an understanding of leadership styles prevailing at Risxcel, however such an understanding can only be made possible by seeking the views and perceived experiences of those working on leadership positions at the college. Despite some important differences between the positivist and post positivist paradigms, the two perspectives share much in common (Lincoln & Guba, 2000; Ponterotto, 2002). But it can also be asked whether private schools should enjoy more authority with respect to curricular matters than public schools do, particularly in cases where they receive state subsidies of one form or another, or where the content of the curriculum could be considered harmfully misleading to the students. How does learning such principles affect moral behavior? From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. Though everyone has their own unique habits of mind, philosophers are trained to think at a level where their habits of mind are stronger, and thus are always looking for, and usually come up with the best solution to questions, or problems posed. Postmodernism The quota system in Malaysia can be the best example. What is Philosophy? they are disposed or inclined to be guided by reasons so evaluatedi.e., to judge and act in accordance with the results of such reasoned evaluations. That in and These views in some ways challenge philosophy generally, and so a thorough treatment of these criticisms would involve issues in ethics, epistemology, philosophy of politics, and theories of meaning and truth, to name a few. It is ultimately circular. Still others join their postmodern counterparts, and view the notions of reason and objectivity themselves with distrust, on the grounds that these are problematically masculine concepts. Beyond this basic agreement lie a host of contentious issues. How best to resolve this problem remains the subject of debate among multicultural philosophers of education, with some opting for some form of cultural relativism and others for a compromise between multiculturalism and universalism. It has also presented the philosophy which will be applied to the research project on leadership at Risxcel and given a rationale for its selection. ), and psychology (e.g.,do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups?) The aim of education is to enable a person to acquire the knowledge of this cause of the causes, the absolute good. It is not obvious what critical thinking is, and philosophers of education accordingly have developed accounts of critical thinking that attempt to state what it is and why it is valuable. In the United States, the issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). What is the nature and justification of the authority that teachers exercise over their students? complexities. Both contemporary and historical philosophers of education have devoted themselves, at least in part, to defending a particular conception of the aims of education or to criticizing the conceptions of others. Relatedly, many feminist philosophers of education have questioned the focus traditional approaches to the philosophy of education place on those skills that are exercised in the public domainskills such as reason, objectivity, and impartiality. Philosophy of education is an essential factor that directs education, interrogates the system again at every turn and repairs failing sides of education like a living organism. WebUnrealistic beliefs can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic. WebThere are a number of basic philosophical problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of education throughout the history of the subject. My research project will adopt constructivism-interpretivism instead of post positivism. What is it exactly to think critically, and why should educators hold it in such high esteem? Some have argued that any sort of grading or evaluation undermines cooperation, demoralizes students, and distracts from the real purpose of education. ), and psychology (e.g.,do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups?) Additionally, this theory does not address issues of morality or explain why some behaviors are considered deviant while others are not. This can be an empowering prospect, especially when we feel lost or overwhelmed. Does a proper education tend to instill certain virtuessuch as honesty and patienceor to reveal important moral standards and principles? I now have a 4-month-old baby boy and 2 years left in completing my elementary education degree and I am so excited to be able to have my In other groups, morality and religion are inseparable because moral behaviors are parts of their beliefs. These are all complex matters, involving philosophical questions concerning the nature of the mind, the aims and legitimate means of education, the psychology of learning, the organizational demands of schooling, and a host of other matters to which social-scientific research is relevant. In conclusion, this essay has discussed two philosophies, i.e. Emergency Information Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. On the other hand, Dewey and many other psychologists and educators have held that learning is most effective when students take an active part in their educations, engaging in self-directed discovery and learning. social constructivism alongside post positivism In this discussion the merits and demerits of each philosophy, are given along side the research strategies associated with each as well as the rationale for adapting social constructivism. Platos philosophy of education aims at preparing learners for future life. Plato is an example of a philosopher; he wrote a book, The Republic, which is a novel outlining the steps in order to become a good philosopher. 1. You feel that there's no point in anything. Everything is correct and wrong at the same time 2. You get perspectives. But you will not be in a p WebAccording to Gray (2021), the vaccinations cause an inflammatory reaction, which prompts the production of antibodies to fight the virus if it subsequently emerges. Others challenge the coherence of such a project, on the grounds that the narrative of domination and justice is itself flawed, and so any political attempts to undermine the former and enhance the latter cannot be justified. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. Looking for a flexible role? are all relevant matters. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. the common worry is students will not gain the amount of practice of literacy as they world in a traditional education setting. This will also be the strategy used for countering possible bias. By the 1970's the influence of analytic philosophy on philosophy of education had begun to wane, and feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern critiques of education and educational theory became more prevalent. In such controversial cases, what power should members of allegedly disadvantaged groups have to protect their children from discrimination or injustice? Identifying a universal aim of education would go a long way towards resolving this conflict: the traditional approach is one in which critical thinking is cultivated in both spheres, but recent emphasis has turned to matters of fostering autonomy in students. What justifies the state in compelling children to attend schoolin what does its authority to mandate attendance lie? Education prepares a man for the vision of absolute reality. Although it would make sense that the person whos fully informed on the subject and has the best ability to argue their contention will prevail in the conclusion of the argument, a solution is not usually possible. Postmodern philosophers of education often question deep presuppositions that lie at the heart of our thinking about education:is objectivity possible? Many different presidential candidates compete in order to become the representative of their selected political affiliation, which is usually democratic or republican. He himself belonged to the upper strata. You already know what goal you have in mind to achieve. Some argue that parents should have ultimate authority regarding their children's educations, on the grounds that parents are more trustworthy, and in a more legitimate position of authority, than any government officials could be. Feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern criticisms. What exactly this entails is the subject of much inquiry:what account can we give of individual autonomy that does justice to the social context of personal identity and choice? WebProgressive educators feel that traditional high schools are too rigid and do not model real life. Some feel that the appropriate response to the questions postmodernism raises is to be more vigilant and more reflective about the deep and often unjustifiable influences of a dominant culture, in order to strive for a more just and tolerant society. For example, questions of metaphysics (e.g.,how are 'groups"to be individuated and understood? A great deal of debate has focused on the effectiveness of this method:do such tests accurately reflect what students have learned? Can education actually be non-indoctrinating, or is some element of indoctrination inevitable? But it can also be asked whether private schools should enjoy more authority with respect to curricular matters than public schools do, particularly in cases where they receive state subsidies of one form or another. John Locke conceived of the human mind as a 'blank slate; it seems to follow from this that students should be expected to passively absorb the information they're taught. One source of criticism stresses the importance of fostering carethat is, the abilities and dispositions of students to treat themselves and others with empathy and concern. Special thanks to Harvey Siegel; a great deal of the written material on this website is borrowed (with significant changes) from his Britannica Online Encyclopedia entry: It is how the laws are made and it is the model used to determine what is considered acceptable behavior or morally right and wrong. This position holds that human intellectual mechanisms are flawed and that lifes phenomena are basically intractable, and therefore, one can never fully capture a true reality. It also looks at the presuppositions and arguments behind various educational theories. In this area, folks build up subjective meanings of their experiences meanings focussed toward some objects or things on leadership The aim of research is to extract participants views of the leadership styles prevailing in Risxcel. Overview The college entrance exam or a payable job will not be the only future life. All such proposed aims require careful articulation and defense, and all have been subjected to sustained criticism. The vaccine can potentially reduce the rate of infections and hospitalizations, boost economic activity, and provide a sense of safety to individuals. Feminist philosophers of education critique traditional and often tacitly male-oriented perspectives on the appropriate aims and methodology of education. WebHere, a brief history of each outlines philosophy: Post positivism arose out of dissatisfaction with some aspects of the positivist stance. I can use factual evidence that I had previously learned to debunk or rebuttal somebodys argument against me, or I can use personal experience that I have interpreted through my use of philosophy to reject something false or wrong that somebody may use toward me. Entrance exam or a payable job will not gain the amount of practice of literacy as they in... 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